Curriculum and Recommendations for Study
Gynecological /Obstetrical Emergencies: Stephen Ledbetter, MD
Case Illustration Editor: Nalini Kanth MD

Uterine trauma Cervico-vaginal trauma Feto-placental trauma Ovarian cystic disease Ovarian torsion Pelvic inflammatory disease Endometritis

Spontaneous abortion Fetal demise Subchorionic hemorrhage Ectopic pregnancy Placenta previa Placental abruption and hemorrhage Biophysical Profile

Suggested Readings:

Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW: Diagnostic Ultrasound 2 nd Edition. Mosby-yearbood, St. Louis, Missouri,1998

Callen, PW: Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3 rd Edition. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1994.

Abu-Yousef MM, Bleicher JJ, Williamson RA, Weiner CP. Subchorionic hemorrhage: sonographic diagnosis and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987 Oct;149(4):737-40.

Baltarowich OH, Kurtz AB, Pasto ME, Rifkin MD, Needleman L, Goldberg BB. The spectrum of sonographic findings in hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987 May;148(5):901-5.

Bromley B, Benacerraf B. Adnexal masses during pregnancy: accuracy of sonographic diagnosis and outcome. J Ultrasound Med. 1997 Jul;16(7):447-52.

Chow MM, Ho ES, Lee YH. Prenatal diagnosis of placenta previa accreta by transabdominal color Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jan;15(1):28-35.

Estroff JA. Emergency obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound. Radiol Clin North Am. 1997 Jul;35(4):921-57.

Finberg HJ, Kurtz AB, Johnson RL, Wapner RJ. The biophysical profile. A literature review and reassessments of its usefulness in the evaluation of fetal well-being. J Ultrasound Med. 1990 Oct;9(10):583-91.

Gallagher P, Fagan CJ, Bedi DG, Winsett MZ, Reyes RN. Potential placenta previa: definition, frequency, and significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987 Nov;149(5):1013-5.

Hertzberg BS, Bowie JD, Carroll BA, Kliewer MA, Weber TM. Diagnosis of placenta previa during the third trimester: role of transperineal sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992 Jul;159(1):83-7.

Hertzberg BS, Kliewer MA, Bowie JD. Adnexal ring sign and hemoperitoneum caused by hemorrhagic ovarian cyst: pitfall in the sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Nov;173(5):1301-2.

Kaakaji Y, Nghiem HV, Nodell C, Winter TC. Sonography of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies: Part I, Obstetric emergencies. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Mar;174(3):641-9.

Kaakaji Y, Nghiem HV, Nodell C, Winter TC. Sonography of obstetric and gynecologic emergencies: Part II, Gynecologic emergencies. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Mar;174(3):651-6.

Kory LA. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Oct;175(4):1185-6.

Laing, FC. Placenta previa: avoiding false-negative diagnoses. J Clin Ultrasound. 1981 Mar;9(3):109-13.

Lee EJ, Kwon HC, Joo HJ, Suh JH, Fleischer AC. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion with color Doppler sonography: depiction of twisted vascular pedicle. J Ultrasound Med. 1998 Feb;17(2):83-9.

Lowdermilk C, Gavant ML, Qaisi W, West OC, Goldman SM. Screening helical CT for evaluation of blunt traumatic injury in the pregnant patient. Radiographics. 1999 Oct;19 Spec No:S243-55; discussion S256-8.

Manning FA. Fetal biophysical profile. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1999 Dec;26(4):557-77.

Manning FA, Bondagji N, Harman CR, Casiro O, Menticoglou S, Morrison I. Fetal assessment based on the fetal biophysical profile score: relationship of last BPS result to subsequent cerebral palsy. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1997;26(7):720-9.

Moore L, Wilson SR. Ultrasonography in obstetric and gynecologic emergencies. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994 Sep;32(5):1005-22.

Wagner BJ, Woodward PJ, Dickey GE. From the archives of the AFIP. Gestational trophoblastic disease: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1996 Jan;16(1):131-48.

Wolman I, Gordon D, Yaron Y, Kupferminc M, Lessing JB, Jaffa AJ. Transvaginal sonohysterography for the evaluation and treatment of retained products of conception. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2000;50(2):73-6.