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Curriculum and Recommendations for Study
Central Nervous System: James M. Provenzale, MD
Case Illustration Editor: Michele H. Johnson, MD
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Skull fractures |
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Extra-axial
hemorrhages |
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subdural hematoma |
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epidural
hematoma |
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Parenchymal
injuries |
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cortical contusion |
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diffuse axonal injury |
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deep
gray matter injury  |
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brainstem
injury |
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Vascular injuries |
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Penetrating
injuries |
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Herniation
syndromes |
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Cerebral infarction |
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arterial infarction |
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venous infarction |
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diffusion
imaging appearance |
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perfusion
imaging appearance |
|
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Non-traumatic
hemorrhage  |
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subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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parenchymal hemorrhage |
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Central Nervous system infections |
 |
a.
meningitis |
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encephalitis |
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abscess/cerebritis |
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subdural
empyema |
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spinal
epidural abscess |
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osteomyelitis/discitis |
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Dural sinus thrombosis |
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Reversible
posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome |
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Pituitary
apoplexy |
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Spinal trauma |
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spinal cord contusion |
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spinal epidural hematoma |
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nerve
root avulsion |
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Suggested Readings:
Cerebral Infarction
Sorensen AG, Bounanno FS, Gonzalez RG, et al. Hyperacute
stroke: evaluation with combined multisection diffusion-weighted
and hemodynanically weighted echo planar MR imaging. Radiology 1996;
199:391-401
Truwit CL, Barkovich AJ, Gean-Marton A, Hibri ,
Norman D. Loss of the insular ribbon: another early CT sign of acute
middle cerebral artery infarction. Radiology 1990; 176: 801-806
Tomsick TA, Brott TG, Chambers AA, et al. Hyperdense
middle cerebral artery sign on CT: efficacy in detecting middle cerebral
artery thrombosis. AJNR 1990; 11: 473-477
Elster AD, Moody DM. Early cerebral infarction:
Gadopentate dimeglumine enhancement. Radiology 1990; 177: 627-632
Provenzale JM, Sorensen AG. Diffusion-weighted MR
imaging in acute stroke: Theoretical considerations and clinical
applications. AJR 1999; 173:1459-1468
Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection
Levy C, Laissy JP, Raveau V, et al. Carotid and
vertebral artery dissections: Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR
angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography. Radiology
1994; 190:97-103
Leclerc X, Godefroy O, Salhi A, Lucas C, Leys D,
Pruvo JP. Helical CT for the diagnosis of extracranial carotid artery
dissection. Stroke 1996; 27:461-466
Provenzale JM. Dissection of the internal carotid
and vertebral arteries: Imaging findings. AJR 1995; 165:1099-1104
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Weisberg LA. Subcortical lobar intracerebral hemorrhage:
clinical-computed tomographic correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
1985; 48:1078
Kase CS, Caplan LR (eds). Intracerebral hemorrhage.
Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1994
Meyer JT, Gorey MT. Differential diagnosis of nontraumatic
intracranial hemorrhage. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1998;8:263-293
Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Zimmerman RD, Ernst RJ. Neuroimaging of cerebral
venous thrombosis. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1992;2:463-485
Virapongse C, Cazenave C, Quisling R, Sarwar M,
Hunter S. The empty delta sign: Frequency and significance in 76
cases of dural sinus thrombosis. Radiology 1987;162:779-785
Casey SO, Alberico RA, Patel M, et al. Cerebral
CT venography. Radiology 1996;198:163-170
Provenzale JM, Joseph GJ, Barboriak DP. Dural sinus
thrombosis: findings on CT and MR imaging and diagnostic pitfalls.
AJR 1998;170:777-783
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (Hypertensive
Encephalopathy)
Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, et al. A reversible
posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med 1996;334:494-500
Schwartz RB, Mulkern RV, Gudbjartsson H, Jolesz
F. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in hypertensive encephalopathy:
Clues to pathogenesis. AJNR 1998; 19:859-862
Brain and Spine Trauma
Gentry LR, Godersky JC, Thompson B. MR imaging of
head trauma: Review of the distribution and radiopathologic features
of traumatic lesions. AJNR 1988; 9:101-110
Gentry LR. Godersky JC. Thompson B. MR imaging of
head trauma: review of the distribution and radiopathologic features
of traumatic lesions. AJR. 150:663-72, 1988
Gentry LR, Godersky JC, Thompson B. Traumatic brainstem
injury: MR imaging. Radiology 1989; 171: 177-187
CNS Infections
Post MJD, Quencer RM, Montalvo BM, et al. Spinal
infection: evaluation with MR imaging and intraoperative US. Radiology
1988;169:765-771
Chang KH, Han MH, Roh JK, et al. Gd-DTPA-enhanced
MR imaging of the brain in patients with meningitis: comparison with
CT. AJNR 11:69-76, 1990
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